Exposure

Exposure is a form of DISSEMINATION privacy harm under the Solove taxonomy. Exposure is defined as "revealing an individual's nudity, grief, or bodily functions."

A store forcing a customer to remove clothing revealing a colostomy bag.

Occurrences

• A Lifeguard is Forced to Wear A Speedo Instead of a Thigh Covering Swimsuit (2007)
• A Photo of a Woman Crying After Florida School Shooting (February 2018)
• Amazon to Pay $25 Million to Settle Children’s Privacy Charges (May 2023)
• An App Meant to Stalk Instagram Profiles (7 November 2023)
• Cyber Bullying Through Instagram (July 2018)
• DNA Testing Companies Share Data with Third Parties (November 2017)
• Dating Apps User Information Leaked Online (June 2020)
• Digital Harassment After an Online Affair (November 2017)
• Disappearance of British woman: Privacy Concerns and Police Transparency (27 January 2023)
• Discord Admits Data Breach: Info of 760K Users Sold Online (14 August 2023)
• F.B.I. Says Video Voyeur Hid Camera in Cruise Ship Bathroom (April 30 ^JL)
• Female Student Killed After Blackmail (2020)
• Hack of Celebrities Revealing Photos (2014)
• Hidden Cameras in Women Bathrooms in Seoul
• IRobot's Data Collection Leaks Sensitive Photos (2020)
• Instagram's Privacy Dilemma: The App Alleges to Show Who Views Your Profile, Raising Privacy Concerns (7 November 2023)
• Leaked Sex Tape Genre on PornHub (July 2020)
• Nude Leak Scandal In Ireland (November 2020)
• Nude Photos Without Models Consent (September 2020)
• Photographer Snaps Intimate Texts of Strangers (July 2020)
• Policeman Shares CCTV Footage Of A Naked Woman (2017)
• Revenge Porn (August 2019)
• Snapchat My AI: Privacy Concerns Prompt Potential Ban in UK (9 October 2023)
• Strangers Filming Women at Protests (June 2020)
• Tesla Employees Sharing Recordings
• Virginia Politician Suffers Her Explicit Video Being Leaked (September 2023)
• Woman Sues Her Parents For "Sharenting" (September 2016)
• ‘I’m in your baby’s room’: A hacker took over a baby monitor and broadcast threats, parents say (20 December 2018)

Laws and Regulations

The following laws and regulations address the Exposure harm.

• (720 ILCS §-23.5.). Non-consensual dissemination of private sexual images (United States, Illinois)
• AR Code Title 5. Criminal Offenses § 5-26-314. Unlawful distribution of sexual images or recordings (United States, Arkansas)
• AZ Revised Statutes Title 13. Criminal Code § 13-1425. Unlawful disclosure of images depicting states of nudity or specific sexual activities; classification; definitions (United States, Arizona)
• AZ. HB 2144. Genetic testing; Informed consent. (United States, Arizona)
• CA PEN § 647 (United States, California)
• CH. 126. Genetic Privacy Act. (United States, New Jersey)
• CO. HB 09-1338. (United States, Colorado)
• CT. STAT. Medical Records (1984) (United States, Connecticut)
• FL XLVI. Crimes § 784.049. Sexual cyberharassment (United States, Florida)
• Federal Policy for the Protection Human Subjects (United States)
• ILL. SB 1507 Civil Remedies for Nonconsensual Dissemination of Private Sexual Images Act (United States, Illinois)
• NH. HB 1493. Ownership of DNA. (United States, New Hampshire)
• OK. SB 1257. Non-consensual dissemination; making certain dissemination unlawful; providing for exceptions, penalties. Effective date. (United States, Oklahoma)
• OR. SB 244. DNA tests and declaring an emergency. (United States, Oregon)
• Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (United States)
• Tennessee Information Protection Act (TIPA) (United States, Tennessee)
• § 1335. Violation of privacy; class A misdemeanor; class G felony (United States, Delaware)
• § 14-190.5A. Disclosure of private images (United States, North Carolina)
• § 16-11-90 Crimes and Offenses (United States, Georgia)
• § 166.065. Harassment (United States, Oregon)
• § 18-6609. Crime of video voyeurism (United States, Idaho)
• § 18.2-386.2. Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty (United States, Virginia)
• § 21.16. UNLAWFUL DISCLOSURE OR PROMOTION OF INTIMATE VISUAL MATERIAL. (United States, Texas)
• § 22-21-4. Use or dissemination of visual recording or photographic device--Violation as misdemeanor or felony. (United States, South Dakota)
• § 3131. Unlawful dissemination of intimate image (United States, Pennsylvania)
• § 39-13-301. Criminal Offenses (United States, Tennessee)
• § 573.110. Nonconsensual dissemination of private sexual images, offense of — definitions — elements — exemptions — immunity from liability, when — penalty — private cause of action, when. (United States, Missouri)
• § 61-8-28. Criminal invasion of privacy; penalties (United States, West Virginia)
• § 617.261. Nonconsensual dissemination of private sexual images (United States, Minnesota)
• § 750.145e. Compiled Laws (United States, Michigan)
• § 76-5b-203. Distribution of an intimate image--Penalty (United States, Utah)
• § 942.09. Representations depicting nudity (United States, Wisconsin)
• §1 - C.2C:14-9 Title 2A. Chapter 58D. (United States, New Jersey)
• §10-3-1104.6. Genetic information -limitations on disclosure of information -liability definitions -legislative declaration. (United States, Colorado)
• §12-2803. Testing of minors; notice to parents; informed consent. (United States, Arizona)
• §13-2002. Health-General. (United States, Maryland)
• §141-H:2. Conditions of Genetic Testing. (United States, New Hampshire)
• §19-7-45. Blood tests. (United States, Georgia)
• §24175. Miscellaneous Health and Safety Provisions. (United States, California)
• §30:4-24-.2. Rights of patients. (United States, New Jersey)
• §33-54-1. Legislative findings and determinations; intent of chapter. (United States, Georgia)
• §33-54-3. Purpose of testing; consent required; confidential and privileged information. (United States, Georgia)
• §33-54-6. Use of information for scientific research purposes authorized. (United States, Georgia)
• §565.252. Invasion of Privacy, Penalty. (United States, Missouri)
• §70G. Genetic information and reports protected as private information; prior written consent for genetic testing. (United States, Massachusetts)
• §7507.1. Invasion of Privacy. (United States, Pennsylvania)