Identification

Identification is a form of INFORMATION PROCESSING privacy harm under the Solove taxonomy. Identification is defined as "the linking of information to a particular individual."

A researcher linking medical files to the Governor of a state using only date of birth, zip code, and gender.

Occurrences

• AIRprint Fingerprint Recognition From a Distance (2011)
• Airport Facial Recognition Systems (2018)
• Amazon Gives Access to Alexa Recordings to a Wrong User (2018)
• Amazon’s ‘Just Walk Out’ Tech Is a Privacy Nightmare (2023)
• App Spied on Belarusian Protesters (August 2020)
• Barred From Grocery Stores by Facial Recognition British merchants (June 2023)
• Biometrics and Privacy: The Expansion of TSA's Facial Recognition Program in Airports (5 June 2023)
• California Can Share Gun Owners' Personal Information With Researchers (September 2021)
• California Permitted to Share Gun Owners' Personal Information with Researchers (21 November 2023)
• Cashier in the Supermarket Asking for Postal Code (October 2020)
• Child Suspects’ Private Data Published Online (October 2020)
• China’s Cryptocurrency (2019)
• Chinese facial recognition company exposes the database of people's locations (13 February 2019)
• Clearview AI Settles Lawsuit and Limits the Sales of Facial Recognition Database (May 2020)
• Clearview's Facial Recognition App (2020)
• Contact Tracing Apps (July 2020)
• DNA Testing Companies Share Data with Third Parties (November 2017)
• Employee Health-Screening Technology (July 2020)
• FBI's De-anonymization Attack on Tor (November 2014)
• Face Search Engine PimEyes Blocks Searches of Children’s Faces (October 2023)
• Facebook Facial Recognition (2015)
• Facewatch Facial Recognition System (October 2020)
• Facial Recognition in Public Places by Israeli Government (September 2023)
• Facial-Recognition Apps Threaten Privacy Rights (26 October 2023)
• FamilyTreeDNA Share Its Genealogy Database With the FBI (January 2019)
• Fayette Schools Introduce Thermal Imaging Cameras (August 2020)
• Flickr Share Images with MegaFace (2014)
• Gait Recognition Technology by Watrix (2018)
• Google Analyzes Credit Card Transactions (May 2017)
• Google Fails to End $5 Billion Consumer Privacy Lawsuit (1 June 2016)
• Google to Face $5 Billion Lawsuit Over Tracking Users in Incognito Mode (June 2016)
• High Resolution Image Generated From Low Resolution Image (March 2020)
• How Meta’s New Face Camera Heralds a New Age of Surveillance (13 December 2023)
• Instagram Collecting User Biometrics (August 2020)
• Instagram's Privacy Dilemma: The App Alleges to Show Who Views Your Profile, Raising Privacy Concerns (7 November 2023)
• Italian Municipality Installs Facial Recognition (June 2020)
• Los Angeles Police Uses Facial Recognition Software (October 2020)
• Madison Square Garden Uses Facial Recognition to Ban Enemy Lawyers (2022)
• Man Wrongfully Accused by Facial Recognition (June 2020)
• Mental Health Charities in the UK Hand Facebook Sensitive Data (3 June 2023)
• Meta Fined $400 Million for Treatment of Children’s Data on Instagram (5 September 2022)
• Meta Fined for Violating E.U. Data Privacy Rules (May 2023)
• Microsoft Facial Recognition Data Base (2016)
• Microsoft User Asked for More Personal Information With New Computer (July 2020)
• Microsoft and OpenAI Face $3B Lawsuit Over Privacy Violations (June 2023)
• Motel 6 Provided ICE with Guest Data (April 2019)
• NaviStone's Code Unmasking Anonymous Website Visitors (June 2017)
• New York Permitted to Use DNA Searching to Identify Relatives of Criminal Suspects (24 October 2023)
• Pay-by-Palm Privacy Concerns (21 August 2023)
• Pharmacies Shared Patient Records Without a Warrant, an Inquiry Finds (13 December 2023)

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Laws and Regulations

The following laws and regulations address the Identification harm.

• (410 ILCS § 513/). Genetic Information Privacy Act (United States, Illinois)
• (720 ILCS §-23.5.). Non-consensual dissemination of private sexual images (United States, Illinois)
• 201 CMR 17.00. Standards For The Protection of Personal Information of Residents of The Commonwealth. (United States, Massachusetts)
• 23 NYCRR 500. Cybersecurity Requirements For Financial Services Companies. (United States, New York)
• 30-17-2635 Rule 10.4. Release of Patient Records to Patient. (United States, Mississippi)
• 5 U.S.C. §552a (United States)
• AL SB 301 (United States, Alabama)
• AZ Revised Statutes Title 13. Criminal Code § 13-1425. Unlawful disclosure of images depicting states of nudity or specific sexual activities; classification; definitions (United States, Arizona)
• AZ. SB 1297. Genetic testing information; Confidentiality; Exceptions. (United States, Arizona)
• Bank Secrecy Act (United States)
• CA AB 713 (United States, California)
• CA AB No. 499 (United States, California)
• CA PEN § 647 (United States, California)
• CH. 1. Trade and Commerce; General Provisions. (United States, South Carolina)
• CH. 126. Genetic Privacy Act. (United States, New Jersey)
• CH. 19.255. Personal Information—Notice of Security Breaches. (United States, Washington)
• CH. 241. Hospitals. (United States, Texas)
• CH. 412. Genetic Information. (United States, Nevada)
• CH. 48.1. Consumer Privacy Protection Act. (United States, Rhode Island)
• CH. 51-30. Notice of Security Breach for Personal Information. (United States, North Dakota)
• CH. 521. Unauthorized Use of Identifying Information. (United States, Texas)
• CH. 53B. Financial Privacy Act. (United States, North Carolina)
• CH. 546. Use of Genetic Testing Information. (United States, Texas)
• CH. 58. Use of Genetic Information. (United States, Texas)
• CH. 62. Protection of Personal Information. (United States, Vermont)
• CH. 70.02. Medical Records—Health Care Information Access and Disclosure. (United States, Washington)
• CH. 82. Security Freezes and Notification of Data Breaches. (United States, Massachusetts)
• CH. 90. Medical Records. (United States, North Carolina)
• CH. 93. Privacy of Genetic Information. (United States, South Carolina)
• CH. 93H Security Breaches (United States, Massachusetts)
• CH. 93I. Dispositions and Destruction of Records. (United States, Massachusetts)
• CO. HB 18-2118. Concerning Strengthening Protections For Consumer Data Privacy. (United States, Colorado)
• CVR § 50. Right of privacy. (United States, New York)
• Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 (United States)
• California Consumer Privacy Act of (2018) (United States, California)
• Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (United States)
• Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule (2000) (United States)
• Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (United States)
• Colorado Revised Statute Section Section 18-7-107, 108 (United States, Colorado)
• Communications Act of 1934 (United States)
• Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (United States)
• Constitution - Amendment I (United States)
• Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (United States)
• DEL. HB 180. Breaches of Security involving Personal Information. (United States, Delaware)
• FLA. HB 1189 (United States, Florida)
• FLA. SB 1670. Consumer Data Privacy. (United States, Florida)
• Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970 (United States)
• Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (United States)
• Federal Cybersecurity Workforce Assessment Act of 2015 (United States)
• Federal Election Campaign Act (United States)

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