Identification
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Identification is a form of INFORMATION PROCESSING privacy harm under the Solove taxonomy. Identification is defined as "the linking of information to a particular individual."
- A researcher linking medical files to the Governor of a state using only date of birth, zip code, and gender.[1]
Additional comments
Occurrences
- AIRprint Fingerprint Recognition From a Distance (2011)
- Airport Facial Recognition Systems (2018)
- Amazon Gives Access to Alexa Recordings to a Wrong User (2018)
- Amazon’s ‘Just Walk Out’ Tech Is a Privacy Nightmare (2023)
- App Spied on Belarusian Protesters (August 2020)
- Barred From Grocery Stores by Facial Recognition British merchants (June 2023)
- BetterHelp under Fire : " FTC Alleges Privacy Violations and Misleading Practices in Online Counseling" (March 2023)
- Biometrics and Privacy: The Expansion of TSA's Facial Recognition Program in Airports (5 June 2023)
- California Can Share Gun Owners' Personal Information With Researchers (September 2021)
- California Permitted to Share Gun Owners' Personal Information with Researchers (21 November 2023)
- Cashier in the Supermarket Asking for Postal Code (October 2020)
- Child Suspects’ Private Data Published Online (October 2020)
- China’s Cryptocurrency (2019)
- Chinese facial recognition company exposes the database of people's locations (13 February 2019)
- Clearview AI Settles Lawsuit and Limits the Sales of Facial Recognition Database (May 2020)
- Clearview's Facial Recognition App (2020)
- Contact Tracing Apps (July 2020)
- DNA Testing Companies Share Data with Third Parties (November 2017)
- Employee Health-Screening Technology (July 2020)
- FBI's De-anonymization Attack on Tor (November 2014)
- Face Search Engine PimEyes Blocks Searches of Children’s Faces (October 2023)
- Facebook Facial Recognition (2015)
- Facewatch Facial Recognition System (October 2020)
- Facial Recognition in Public Places by Israeli Government (September 2023)
- Facial-Recognition Apps Threaten Privacy Rights (26 October 2023)
- FamilyTreeDNA Share Its Genealogy Database With the FBI (January 2019)
- Fayette Schools Introduce Thermal Imaging Cameras (August 2020)
- Flickr Share Images with MegaFace (2014)
- Gait Recognition Technology by Watrix (2018)
- Google Analyzes Credit Card Transactions (May 2017)
- Google Fails to End $5 Billion Consumer Privacy Lawsuit (1 June 2016)
- Google to Face $5 Billion Lawsuit Over Tracking Users in Incognito Mode (June 2016)
- High Resolution Image Generated From Low Resolution Image (March 2020)
- How Meta’s New Face Camera Heralds a New Age of Surveillance (13 December 2023)
- Instagram Collecting User Biometrics (August 2020)
- Instagram's Privacy Dilemma: The App Alleges to Show Who Views Your Profile, Raising Privacy Concerns (7 November 2023)
- Italian Municipality Installs Facial Recognition (June 2020)
- Los Angeles Police Uses Facial Recognition Software (October 2020)
- Madison Square Garden Uses Facial Recognition to Ban Enemy Lawyers (2022)
- Man Wrongfully Accused by Facial Recognition (June 2020)
- Man wrongfully arrested after facial recognition technology incorrectly identifies him as suspect in armed robbery (January 2024)
- Mental Health Charities in the UK Hand Facebook Sensitive Data (3 June 2023)
- Meta Fined $400 Million for Treatment of Children’s Data on Instagram (5 September 2022)
- Meta Fined for Violating E.U. Data Privacy Rules (May 2023)
- Microsoft Facial Recognition Data Base (2016)
- Microsoft User Asked for More Personal Information With New Computer (July 2020)
- Microsoft and OpenAI Face $3B Lawsuit Over Privacy Violations (June 2023)
- Motel 6 Provided ICE with Guest Data (April 2019)
- NaviStone's Code Unmasking Anonymous Website Visitors (June 2017)
- New York Permitted to Use DNA Searching to Identify Relatives of Criminal Suspects (24 October 2023)
Laws and Regulations
The following laws and regulations address the Identification harm.
- (410 ILCS § 513/). Genetic Information Privacy Act (United States, Illinois)
- (720 ILCS §-23.5.). Non-consensual dissemination of private sexual images (United States, Illinois)
- 201 CMR 17.00. Standards For The Protection of Personal Information of Residents of The Commonwealth. (United States, Massachusetts)
- 23 NYCRR 500. Cybersecurity Requirements For Financial Services Companies. (United States, New York)
- 30-17-2635 Rule 10.4. Release of Patient Records to Patient. (United States, Mississippi)
- 5 U.S.C. §552a (United States)
- AL SB 301 (United States, Alabama)
- AZ Revised Statutes Title 13. Criminal Code § 13-1425. Unlawful disclosure of images depicting states of nudity or specific sexual activities; classification; definitions (United States, Arizona)
- AZ. SB 1297. Genetic testing information; Confidentiality; Exceptions. (United States, Arizona)
- Bank Secrecy Act (United States)
- CA AB 713 (United States, California)
- CA AB No. 499 (United States, California)
- CA PEN § 647 (United States, California)
- CH. 1. Trade and Commerce; General Provisions. (United States, South Carolina)
- CH. 126. Genetic Privacy Act. (United States, New Jersey)
- CH. 19.255. Personal Information—Notice of Security Breaches. (United States, Washington)
- CH. 241. Hospitals. (United States, Texas)
- CH. 412. Genetic Information. (United States, Nevada)
- CH. 48.1. Consumer Privacy Protection Act. (United States, Rhode Island)
- CH. 51-30. Notice of Security Breach for Personal Information. (United States, North Dakota)
- CH. 521. Unauthorized Use of Identifying Information. (United States, Texas)
- CH. 53B. Financial Privacy Act. (United States, North Carolina)
- CH. 546. Use of Genetic Testing Information. (United States, Texas)
- CH. 58. Use of Genetic Information. (United States, Texas)
- CH. 62. Protection of Personal Information. (United States, Vermont)
- CH. 70.02. Medical Records—Health Care Information Access and Disclosure. (United States, Washington)
- CH. 82. Security Freezes and Notification of Data Breaches. (United States, Massachusetts)
- CH. 90. Medical Records. (United States, North Carolina)
- CH. 93. Privacy of Genetic Information. (United States, South Carolina)
- CH. 93H Security Breaches (United States, Massachusetts)
- CH. 93I. Dispositions and Destruction of Records. (United States, Massachusetts)
- CO. HB 18-2118. Concerning Strengthening Protections For Consumer Data Privacy. (United States, Colorado)
- CVR § 50. Right of privacy. (United States, New York)
- Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 (United States)
- California Consumer Privacy Act of (2018) (United States, California)
- Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (United States)
- Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule (2000) (United States)
- Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (United States)
- Colorado Revised Statute Section Section 18-7-107, 108 (United States, Colorado)
- Communications Act of 1934 (United States)
- Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (United States)
- Constitution - Amendment I (United States)
- Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (United States)
- DEL. HB 180. Breaches of Security involving Personal Information. (United States, Delaware)
- FLA. HB 1189 (United States, Florida)
- FLA. SB 1670. Consumer Data Privacy. (United States, Florida)
- Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970 (United States)
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (United States)
- Federal Cybersecurity Workforce Assessment Act of 2015 (United States)
- Federal Election Campaign Act (United States)